Suchergebnisse

In recent years, tourism development has been more pronounced in the mountain regions of Pakistan and planners are increasingly turning to tourism as one of the viable local economic development strategies. To gain local support for tourism development, planners are now challenged with understanding how the mountain community perceives the tourism impact. This paper examines the perception of local residents toward the impact of tourism and the determinants of residents' attitude toward tourism impact in Hunza valley of Gilgit‐Baltistan Pakistan. To identify the respondents of the study, simple random sampling technique was used and the data were collected through a field survey from 342 local residents. The results of the study reveal that residents of the mountain region show a high level of agreement regarding the positive economic contribution of tourism in the region. However, residents are very concerned about the increasing environmental consequences of tourism. Regression analysis shows that residents' attitudes toward tourism impact has significantly influenced by the perceived economic, environmental, and social impact of tourism. Keeping in view the environmental concerns of the local populace, this study recommends that Gilgit‐Baltistan should develop an ecotourism model that has the potential to provide economic opportunities for local communities while ensuring no environmental degradation.

The Government needs confidence that its research, science and technology investments will be rapidly and effectively exploited to make India a knowledgeable culture. This is more likely where sectors demonstrate their strategic thinking about the future through bold and dynamic innovation strategies and the Government is ready to be a partner in such bold and innovative strategies. Constituted a High Level Task Force for the broad areas of relevance cover Information Technology, Telecom Bio-Technology, Drug Design, Financial Services and Enterprise wide Management, Global Networking, Education requirements for developing a learning Society, Vibrant partnership between Government, industry and institutions, Economic and business strategic alliance built on capabilities and opportunities and setting up of an Education Development Finance Corporation for meeting the needs of deserving students. A focus on the knowledge base behind new and improved products, processes, systems and services will ensure that Government investment in science and technology and other core sectors of economy complements the role of private sector investment in generating wealth for India. This goal links to the Government's aspiration to develop an enterprise economy.

The Government needs confidence that its research, science and technology investments will be rapidly and effectively exploited to make India a knowledgeable culture. This is more likely where sectors demonstrate their strategic thinking about the future through bold and dynamic innovation strategies and the Government is ready to be a partner in such bold and innovative strategies. Constituted a High Level Task Force for the broad areas of relevance cover Information Technology, Telecom Bio-Technology, Drug Design, Financial Services and Enterprise wide Management, Global Networking, Education requirements for developing a learning Society, Vibrant partnership between Government, industry and institutions, Economic and business strategic alliance built on capabilities and opportunities and setting up of an Education Development Finance Corporation for meeting the needs of deserving students. A focus on the knowledge base behind new and improved products, processes, systems and services will ensure that Government investment in science and technology and other core sectors of economy complements the role of private sector investment in generating wealth for India. This goal links to the Government's aspiration to develop an enterprise economy.

This paper analyses the socioeconomic determinants of Turkey's aggregate and gender-specific life expectancies from 1971 to 2017. The stationarity of data is checked with ADF, PP, and DFGLS unit root tests, while structural breaks are determined with the help of Zivot and Andrews (2002) unit root test. Also, ARDL bound test is conducted to identify co-integration. The estimated results show that the overall level of education, purchasing power, and economic development have a significant role in deciding the average life expectancy among the Turkish population at the aggregate, while population growth and environmental degradation are found to be insignificant. Gender-wise, estimation results show that environmental degradation, purchasing power, and level of male education contribute significantly to the life expectancy of males in Turkey, while economic development and the share of the male population are found to have insignificant effects. Moreover, environmental degradation, female education, fertility rates, and the female population significantly affect females' life expectancy, while purchasing power plays a statistically insignificant role. Overall, the results suggest that Turkey's government should implement policies to increase educational attainment, stabilize purchasing power, and maintain sustainable development with controlled fertility rates for higher-level life expectancy.

This study examines the trend of the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic in Pakistan and to explore the community perception of the socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in a rural mountain area of Pakistan. An online survey was conducted through snowball sampling technique and total 367 people participated in the survey. The results of the study show that COVID‐19 cases spiked amid ease of lockdown in the country and the spread of novel coronavirus pandemic has significant socioeconomic impact on the lives of mountain communities in Gilgit‐Baltistan. Financial uncertainty, decrease in income, fear of job loss, and food insecurity are some major challenges that mountain communities face due to outbreak of coronavirus in the region. The results further show that lack of community cooperation with government agencies, lack of awareness about the severity of coronavirus, and insufficient COVID‐19 testing kits are the major factors that caused the spread of coronavirus cases. This study suggests that the short‐, medium‐, and long‐term policies are required to mitigate the consequences of this pandemic and to revitalize the mountain economy of Gilgit‐Baltistan, and in this regard, this study provides baseline information for policy‐makers and practitioners to devise such demanding policies.

Globalization has been witnessed to bring numerous benefits to the advancement in information communication technologies. However, to analyze this relationship mostly aggregate globalization and country-specific studies have been conducted, without considering the importance of disaggregate globalization for advancement in information communication technologies. Therefore, this article aims to examine the impact of aggregate and disaggregate globalization on the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the case of 87 developed and developing countries for 2000-2019. Panel least square and pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests have been used for empirical analysis. We have divided our empirical analysis into six models, i.e. aggregate globalization model for whole sample countries, disaggregate globalization model for whole sample countries, aggregate globalization model for developed countries, disaggregate globalization model for developed countries, aggregate globalization model for developing countries, and disaggregate globalization model for developing countries. Our estimated outcomes of the aggregate globalization model for the whole sample countries and developing countries show that globalization has a positive and significant impact on the advancement of information and communication technology. Our outcomes show that economic globalization, social globalization, political globalization, and availability of physical capital have a positive and significant impact on the advancement of ICT in developing countries. In the case of developed countries, aggregate globalization, political globalization, and social globalization reduce the advancement of ICT, whereas the availability of physical capital and economic globalization are raising the advancement of ICT. The results of the causality test show that all the variables have a causal relationship with each other except some variables of developed countries in the disaggregate globalization model. Our outcomes recommend that developing countries should promote aggregate and disaggregate globalization to achieve the desired level of ICT.

Work-life balance has been recently viewed as one of the critical issues about organisational policies across different cultures and regions. The earlier studies of work-life balance have focused predominantly in the Western and developed nations with slight attention to the experience of work-life balance among Asian countries. Researchers have also paid little attention to examine work-life balance from a cross-cultural perspective, especially in Asian countries. The principal purpose of the present study is to analyse the available literature on the work-life balance among selected Asian countries. The focus of the present study is to identify the determinants of work-life balance and scrutinise the highly significant determinants of work-life balance across different cultures and regions. Based on identified determinants, it will suggest suitable measures to improve the most prevailing determinant of work-life balance among Asian countries. Further, the current study will also identify the current state of work-life balance focusing on theory, logic and methodology. The methods of the study involve secondary data to find out determinants of work-life balance conducted in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore and China; and it will compare the effectiveness of determinants of work-life balance to these regions. The data will help to describe how employees perceive work-life balance and why they engage in paid work, and what approaches are being adopted by these countries to balance work life in the context of varying economic, political, cultural, social and family conditions. The findings of present research and analyses will provide scholars with a complete understanding of the state of cross-cultural work-life balance and offer recommendations for future research that will undoubtedly facilitate theoretical advancement.

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether there is any change in corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in Pakistani companies after the introduction of CSR voluntary guidelines in 2013 by Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) and determine the effect of corporate governance (CG) elements on CSR disclosure.


Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis was applied to measure CSR disclosure from annual and sustainability reports of 50 companies from eight different sectors from 2010 to 2014. Paired-samples t-test was applied to examine the difference in CSR disclosure. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between CG elements and CSR disclosure.


Findings
Paired-samples t-test shows an increase in the extent of CSR disclosure after the introduction of CSR voluntary guidelines in 2013. The one-way ANOVA test reveals that the extent of CSR disclosure is different across various sectors. Multiple regression results prove that independent directors, women directors and board size positively affect the extent of CSR disclosure.


Practical implications
SECP should enforce medium-sized firms to start producing CSR reports. Voluntary guidelines of 2013 moderately improved CSR reporting. Therefore, enforcement of the SECP rule of independent directors may enhance the extent of CSR disclosure.


Originality/value
This study is the first to examine the effect of CSR voluntary guidelines issued by SECP in 2013 and CG elements on CSR disclosure in Pakistan.